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The Philippine Revolution resumed in earnest, led by General Emilio Aguinaldo who established a revolutionary government.

The outbreak of the Spanish-American War in 1898 brought Commodore George Dewey and the US Asiatic Squadron to Manila Bay, where they defeated the Spanish Asiatic fleet. After much fighting, a stalemate ensued, leading to a ceasefire agreement between Filipino and Spanish leaders. This culminated in a revolution that broke out in 1896. These revolts were disunited, however, until the nineteenth century when nationalism brought forth a more united anti-colonial movement. The Philippines had been a Spanish colony since 1565, and since that time numerous revolts broke out challenging Spanish rule. Pre-Independence History of the Philippines Program from the JIndependence Day celebrations from the collection of Dr.